ROYAL LANDMARKS (by Eric-Jan Noomen)

ROYAL LANDMARKS FOR ALT.TALK.ROYALTY

SUMMARY:

This list of royal landmarks (places of interest) was originally prepared in the summer of
1996. I posted the list to alt.talk.royalty in the spring of 1997 and a revised version of
Royal Landmarks is now available as a separate part of the main a.t.r. FAQ. The list contains various places
of residence (palaces) and places of burial (crypts) of European royalty for the past few
centuries. If known, the list will indicate which landmarks are open to the public, viewing
hours, and whether or not there is an admission fee.

Last updated on: 1 August 1998

If you have any comments or additions or would like to suggest other landmarks, please
don't hesitate to contact Eric-Jan Noomen (Royal Landmarks list maintainer) at: ejnoomen@xs4all.nl.

AUTHORED BY:

Eric-Jan Noomen

CONTRIBUTIONS BY:

Yvonne Demoskoff and Mark Anthony Rodriguez

COPYRIGHT BY:

N.B.: This list of royal landmarks, or places of interest, is shown in the format of
"city - landmark - remarks".

•TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Austria-Hungary
Bavaria
Belgium
Denmark
France
German Empire: see Prussia
Greece
Hanover
Italy
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Monaco
Netherlands, The
Norway
Parma
Portugal
Prussia
Roumania
Russia
Saxony
Saxon Duchies
Spain
Sweden
Thailand
Württemberg

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

Palaces:

Artstetten (near Vienna) Artstetten castle open daily from April to early November. Property bought in 1823 by Franz I of Austria & later the summer residence of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (nephew of emperor Franz Joseph I). Following the assassination of Franz Ferdinand & his wife Sophie, Dss von Hohenberg in June 1914, the couple were buried in the crypt at Arstetten. During World War II, occupied in turn by the German & Russian forces. In 1980, Dss Anita von Hohenberg (great granddaughter of Franz Ferdinand) decided to live here with her family, having been married here 2 years earlier. The property contains a museum dedicated to the archducal couple.

Prague Hradschin

near Trieste, Italy Castello di Miramare open daily. Soon after his arrival in Trieste in 1854, Archduke Maximilian (brother of Franz Joseph I) & newly-appointed supreme commander of the Austrian Imperial Navy decides to build a neo-Renaissance style villa on a promontory overlooking the Adriatic. The grounds contain rare types of trees (sequoias, pines & cedars) chosen by Archduke Maximilian. In 1864, Maximilian became the Emperor of Mexico & never saw Miramar again; his widow Charlotte returned to Trieste following her husband's execution in 1867; she lived briefly at Miramar before returning to her native Belgium.

Vienna Hofburg museum

Vienna Schönbrunn museum

Places of Burial:

Prague St. Vitus Cathedral open to the public

Vienna Kaisergruft open to the public

Artstetten (near Vienna)	Artstetten castle	open daily from April to early November. Property bought in 1823 by Franz I of Austria & later the summer residence of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (nephew of emperor Franz Joseph I). Following the assassination of Franz Ferdinand & his wife Sophie, Dss von Hohenberg in June 1914, the couple were buried in the crypt at Arstetten. During World War II, occupied in turn by the German & Russian forces. In 1980, Dss Anita von Hohenberg (great granddaughter of Franz Ferdinand) decided to live here with her family, having been married here 2 years earlier. The property contains a museum dedicated to the archducal couple.
Prague	Hradschin
near Trieste, Italy	Castello di Miramare	open daily. Soon after his arrival in Trieste in 1854, Archduke Maximilian (brother of Franz Joseph I) & newly-appointed supreme commander of the Austrian Imperial Navy decides to build a neo-Renaissance style villa on a promontory overlooking the Adriatic. The grounds contain rare types of trees (sequoias, pines & cedars) chosen by Archduke Maximilian. In 1864, Maximilian became the Emperor of Mexico & never saw Miramar again; his widow Charlotte returned to Trieste following her husband's execution in 1867; she lived briefly at Miramar before returning to her native Belgium.
Vienna	Hofburg	museum
Vienna	Schönbrunn	museum

Prague	St. Vitus Cathedral	open to the public
Vienna	Kaisergruft	open to the public

Berchtesgaden	Schloss	Former residence of Crown Prince Rupprecht. Now a museum
Chiemsee	Herrenchiemsee	museum
Linderhof	Schloss Linderhof	beautiful palace built for king Ludwig II (1870-1878). Open to the public
Munich	Prinz-Carl-Palais	official residence of the Bavarian Prime Minister
Munich	Residenz	museum (restored between 1945 & 1980)
Munich	Schloss Nymphenburg	museum (parts still used by Wittelsbach family)
Schleissheim (near Munich)	Altes Schloss	built between 1616 & 1623 as a retreat for Duke Wilhelm V of Bavaria; seriously damaged during WW II; restoration work completed in 1972
Schleissheim (near Munich)	Lustheim	small palace built around 1685; it houses a large collection of Meissen porcelain
Schleissheim (near Munich)	Neues Schloss	open to the public. Built in the early 18th century to celebrate Duke Max Emanuel's victory over the Turks in 1688, it's one of the largest Baroque palaces in Germany. The palace faces the Old Palace (Altes Schloss) and is separated from Lustheim by a large Baroque garden
Schwangau	Hohenschwangau	museum (built for King Ludwig I)
Schwangau	Neuschwanstein	museum (built for King Ludwig II)

Altötting	Wallfahrtskirche	hearts of many Wittelsbachs
Andechs	Klosterfriedhof	open from 15:00 to 17:00
Munich	Bonifazbasilika	grave of King Ludwig I & his wife
Munich	Frauenkirche	open to the public (free)
Munich	Michaelskirche	open to the public (DM 1,- admission)
Munich	Theatinerkirche	open to the public (DM 1,- admission)

Brussels	Palais Royal	used for official receptions
Brussels	Château de Laeken	official residence of King Albert II

Copenhagen	Amalienborg
Copenhagen	Charlottenborg
Copenhagen	Christiansborg
Copenhagen	Fredensborg
Copenhagen	Rosenborg

Fontainebleau	Fontainebleau palace	museum
Paris	Louvre	museum
Paris	Palais Royal	converted to houses and shops
Paris	St. Cloud	destroyed in 1870 (Franco-Prussian War)
Paris	Tuileries	torched by the Communards in 1871
Paris	Vincennes castle	museum
Rueil (near Paris)	Malmaison	former residence of Napoleon's first wife, Josephine de Beauharnais. Open to the public
Versailles	Versailles palace	museum

Dreux	Chapelle Saint-Louis	Orleans family (the Chapelle was founded by Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre (1753-1821), mother of Louis Philippe I, King of the French)
Farnborough, Hampshire (UK)	Abbey Church of St. Michael	tombs of Napoleon III, Empress Eugenie and their son, the Prince Imperial
Paris	Dôme des Invalides	Napoleon I , his son Napoleon II, his brothers Jérôme and Joseph
Paris	St. Denis	Capets, Bourbons; during the French Revolution the royal remains were dug up and put into mass graves. When the Bourbons regained power (1815) these remains were buried in the crypt
Rueil	St. Pierre - St. Paul	tombs of Empress Josephine de Beauharnais and her daughter, Hortense de Beauharnais, Queen of Holland. Open to the public

near Hanover	Herrenhausen	mostly destroyed during WW II. Remaining buildings and gardens open to the public
Hanover	Leineschloss
near Schulenburg/Leine	Schloss Marienburg	former residence of the royal family of Hanover. Open to the public every day except Mondays (and only on Saturday and Sunday during the winter months)

Rome	Quirinal palace	construction began in 1574 under the reign of Pope Gregory XIII & completed in the mid-1700s; summer residence of the popes from 1582 until 1870, later royal palace and official residence of the kings of Italy; after the fall of the monarchy in 1946, the palace became the official residence of the president of the Italian Republic
Turin	Palazzo Carignano	built in 1680 in the Baroque style; now houses the national museum of the Risorgimento; the creation of the kingdom of Italy was declared in this palace in March 1861
Turin	Palazzo Madama	in the family of the counts (later dukes) of Savoy since 1280; ceded to the Italian state in 1923; now contains the Museo Civico di Arte Antica, while the royal apartments are used today for official receptions
Turin	Palazzo Reale	construction began in 1646 & completed in 1663 (with more work completed by 1733)
Turin	Villa Reale de Stupinigi	one of the finest examples of European Baroque art
near Turin	Racconigi	summer residence; birthplace of future Umberto II

Athens	Royal Palace
Tatoi
Corfu	Mon Repos

Rome	Pantheon	open to the public
Turin	La Superga
near Rumilly, Savoie, France	Abbaye de Hautecombe	founded in 1125 by Count Amedeo III of Savoy; members of the house of Savoy from the 12th century to the 16th century, though later kings of Sardinia & of Italy are found her (including Umberto II who died in 1983)

Vienna, Austria	Liechtenstein Palace	before taking permanent residence in their principality, the Princes of Liechtenstein lived in the Austro-Hungarian capital; built between 1689 & 1711, the Palace now houses a permanent display of modern architecture (Osterreichisches Bauzentrum)
Vaduz	Vaduz Schloss	originally built in the 12th century; much destroyed by fire in 1499, was later rebuilt in the 16th & 17th centuries; came into the possession of the princely family of Liechtenstein when the county of Vaduz was purchased in 1712; not open to the public

Vaduz	Parish Church	crypt (located near cloister of the parish church) begun in 1956; and incomplete as of 1990
Wranau (=Vranov), Moravia (now Slovakia)	Wranau Church	crypt for members of the princely family from 1633 to 1945

Luxembourg	Grand Ducal Palace
Château of Colmar-Berg
Fischbach

Amsterdam	Paleis op de Dam	used for receptions
Apeldoorn	Paleis Het Loo	museum
The Hague	Huis ten Bosch	official residence of Queen Beatrix
The Hague	Paleis Korte Voorhout	museum
The Hague	Paleis Noordeinde	contains the Queen's offices
Soestduinen	Paleis Soestdijk	official residence of former Queen Juliana
Utrecht	Koninklijk Paleis	used as royal palace by Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon's brother) when he was King of Holland (1806-1810); now houses the library of the University of Utrecht

Breda	Grote Kerk	graves of several ancestors of William the Silent
Delft	Nieuwe Kerk	crypt closed to the public

Asker (near Oslo)	Skaugum Estate	private; residence of the Crown Prince (Crown Prince Haakon will move in & his parents out in 1998/99)
Oslo	The Bygdoey Royal Farm	owned by the state
Bygdoey, Oslo	Oscarshall	owned by the state; open to the public during summer
Voksenkollen, Oslo	Kongsseteren (The Royal Mountain Farm)	private

Hankoe, Frederikstad	Bloksberg
Tjoeme (outside Toensberg)	Maageroe
Sikkilsdalen	Prinsehytten (The Prince's Cottage)

Oslo	Akershus Fortress	open to the public (?)
Trondheim	Trondheim Cathedral (Nidarosdomen)	open to the public

Parma, Italy	Capuchin Church	various Dukes of Parma and their spouses
Parma, Italy	Santa Maria della Steccata Basilica	various Dukes of Parma and their spouses
Viareggio, Italy	Tenuta Reale Chapel	some brothers and sisters (Princes and Princesses of Bourbon-Parma) of Empress Zita of Austria

Cascais	Cidadela de Cascais	construction on the fortress began in the late 1500 though it wasn't until 1870, that it was transformed into a summer residence for Luis I (in fact, this is where King Luis died on 19 October 1889); following the fall of the monarchy, the fortress became the summer residence of the presidents of the Portuguese republic; since 1986, it is a museum
Lisbon	Paço d'Ajuda	construction on the present palace (the original one was built in 1761) began in 1802 in the neo-classical style using white stone; it is the largest palace in Portugal despite being unfinished; it is used nowadays for large official receptions by the Republic & houses a museum of art in the north wing of the palace
Lisbon	Paço das Necessidades (aka Royal Place)	permanent royal residence from the time it was built in the 18th century (by order of Joao V) until the fall of the monarchy in 1910; the grounds of the palace contain a remarkable collection of exotic plants known as "Tapada das Necessidades"; today, the palace houses the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Lisbon	Paço de Belem	built circa 1700 by the counts of Aveiras & bought in 1726 by Joao V who rebuilt it as a royal summer residence; used until the fall of the monarchy; the Palace is now the residence of the president of the Portuguese republic.
Mafra	Palace/Convent of Mafra	considered one of the most important historical monuments in Europe: it survived the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the buildings cover almost 4 hectares, the palace has 660 rooms, the basilica is over 58 metres long while the library is over 83 metres longs & contains approximately 40,000 volumes; begun by Joao V in 1717 and modeled after the Escorial in Spain
near Lisbon	Queluz Palace	formerly a hunting lodge belonging to the marquesses of Castelo Rodrigo, the property came into the royal family in 1640 & was given to the younger sons of the kings in 1645; renovations in the 18th century transformed it into a proper palace for the sovereign & it became known as the Portuguese Versailles; Manoel II ceded the palace to the Portuguese state in 1908; now houses the Museum of Decorative Arts; the palace is surrounded by many gardens in the French style
Sintra	Paço da Pena	open to the public. In November 1838, Fernando of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, King Consort, becomes owner of the ruins of the convent of Nossa Senhora da Pena; instead of restoring it, he decides to build himself a summer residence following the death of his wife Queen Maria II in 1853 and his two year regency for his son Pedro V, King Fernando seeks refuge in la Pena
Sintra	Paço de Sintra	a royal residence from the 13th century until the fall of the monarchy in 1910 (was the favorite residence of Luis I)
Vila Viçosa	The Palace	residence of the dukes of Bragança since the 16th century; when the dukes became kings of Portugal, they lived primarily in Lisbon, but returned frequently to their palace near the Spanish border; Carlos I spent his last night here before his assassination in Lisbon in February 1908 (he had spent two weeks hunting in Vila Viçosa)

Lisbon	Sao-Vicente-de-Fora
Vila Viçosa	Convento dos Agostinhos	dukes of Bragança (founded by Duke Ferdinando I of Bragança in the late 1400s)
Vila Viçosa	Antigo Convento das Plagas	duchesses of Bragança (founded by Juana de Mendoza, 2nd wife of Duke Jaime I of Bragança, in the early 1500s)

Berlin	Alte Palais	rebuilt in 1964; used by Humboldt University
Berlin	Charlottenburg	restored; museum
Berlin	Bellevue	rebuilt 1959; official residence of the German president
Berlin	Kronprinzenpalais	rebuilt in 1968/1969; used by city government
Berlin	Monbijou	damaged during WW II; demolished c. 1960
Berlin	Prinz Albrecht Palais	damaged during WW II; demolished c. 1947
Berlin	Stadtschloss	severely damaged during WW II; blown up in 1950
Potsdam	Cecilienhof	museum of the Potsdam Conference (1945)
Potsdam	Charlottenhof	museum
Potsdam	Marmorpalais	parts open to the public since 20 July 1997; restoration work still in progress
Potsdam	Neue Palais	museum
Potsdam	Sanssouci	museum
Potsdam	Stadtschloss	damaged during WW II; demolished

Berlin	Berliner Dom	still being restored, small part open to the public
Berlin	Mausoleum Charlottenburg	open to the public (DM 1,- admission)
Potsdam	Friedenskirche	open to the public

Bucharest	Royal Palace
Sinaia	Pelesç Castle	127 km north of Bucharest in Sinaïa, Transylvania. Open to the public since the fall of Communism in Roumania. Summer residence of Prince (later King) Carol I. Construction began in 1875 and completed in 1883: this fortress-castle borrowed mainly from the German Renaissance style of architecture. The grounds extend over 6 hectares

Moscow	Kremlin	used by Russian government; some parts open to the public
Oranienbaum	Oranienbaum	museum
Pavlovsk	Pavlovsk palace	museum
Petrodvorets	Peterhof	museum
St. Petersburg	Winter Palace	contains the Hermitage museum
Tsarskoe Selo	Catherine Palace	the Catherine Palace, part of the 800-acre compound at Tsarskoe Selo located 15 km south of St. Petersburg, is known as the Russian Versailles. Open to the public. The palace began as a modest summer palace (2 stories with 16 rooms) on the site of an old country house given in 1710 by Peter the Great to his second wife, Catherine; the palace was subsequently enlarged and rebuilt by Empress Elisabeth, Catherine's daughter, as well as by Empress Catherine II

Moscow	Arkhangelsky Sobor, Kremlin	czars up to Peter I; open to the public
St. Petersburg	St. Peter & Paul Fortress	Peter I and later; open to public

Coburg	Schloss Ehrenburg	former Ducal Palace
near Coburg	Callenberg
near Coburg	Rosenau
Gotha	Schloss Friedenstein	former Ducal Palace; now a museum
Gotha	Schloss Friedrichsthal	now houses a school for engineers

Coburg		Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Gotha	Schloss Friedenstein	dukes of Gotha buried in the crypt of the castle church

Eisenach	Stadtschloss	now houses the Eisenach city government and the Thuringian Museum
Weimar	Schloss Belvedere	summer residence of the dukes of Saxe-Weimar; now houses a rococo museum
Weimar	Grüne Schloss	houses the Duchess Anna-Amalia Library
Weimar	Residenzschloss	museum
Weimar	Schloss Tiefurt	summer residence of Duchess Anna-Amalia; now a museum
Weimar	Wittumspalais	former residence of Duchess Anna-Amalia; several rooms open to the public; also houses the Wieland Museum

Eisenach	St. George's Chapel	members of the Grand Ducal family
Weimar	Princely Cemetery	crypt now known as Goethe-Schiller Crypt

Dresden	Residenzschloss
Dresden	Zwinger	former royal palace, completely restored after the 1945 bombing. When restoration work is finished, the famous royal art collection will be on display here

Aranjuez (Madrid environs)	Palacio Real de Aranjuez	Summer Palace & Gardens originally built by Philip II & later rebuilt in the 18th century by Ferdinand VI
Barcelona	Palau Real Major	ancestral home of the Counts of Barcelona since the 14th century; from here, Ferdinand and Isabel received Columbus upon his return from America
Granada	The Alhambra/Palace of Charles V	legendary 13th century Moorish palace of the Nasrid kings of Granada; beginning in 1527, Charles V added his Renaissance-style palace
Madrid	Monasterio de San Lorenzo el Real de El Escorial	royal palace, library, monastery & mausoleum built by Philip II & completed in 1584
Madrid	Palacio de El Prado	moated palace with identical wings built by the Habsburg and Bourbon monarchs; used primarily to house visiting heads of state
Madrid	Palacio de la Zarzuela	built by Philip IV & rebuilt by Carlos IV; the small palace has housed the royal family since 1962
Madrid	Palacio Real (aka Oriente Palace)	principal royal palace with adjoining armory built by Philip V, Carlos III & Carlos IV; museum; used primarily for ceremonial & diplomatic occasions
Mallorca	Castell de Santueri	castle of the kings of Aragon who ruled Mallorca
Palma de Mallorca	Palau de l'Almudaina	castle/palace rebuilt in 1309 by James II and served as the island palace of the kings of Mallorca, then Aragon, & ultimately Spain (note: Palau is the Catalan form of palacio)
Pamplona	Palacio de Navarra	exquisite palace of the kings of Navarre
San Sebastian (Donostia)	Palacio Miramar	seaside palace & gardens built by Queen Maria Cristina (wife of Alfonso XII) in 1889
Segovia	Palacio de La Granja de San Idelfonso	Versailles-inspired palace & gardens built by Philip V in 1720 near the hermitage of San Idelfonso
Segovia	Palacio Riofrio	known as the Spanish Trianon, the vast palace & hunting museum built by the widowed Queen Isabel Farnese in 1752 & set in a deer park. Opened to the public in 1965.
Segovia	Segovia Alcazar	vast royal castle which was already over a half millennium old when it was damaged by fire & rebuilt in the mid-19th century; this was reportedly one of the design inspirations for Disney's Sleeping Beauty castle (along with Bavaria's Neuschwanstein palace)
Seville	Palacio de San Telmo	Infanta Maria Luisa (sister of Isabel II) and her husband the Duke of Montpensier made this their palace; in 1893, the Infanta donated the grounds of the palace to the public which are now known as the Parque Maria Luisa; today, the palace houses the Andalusian regional government
Seville	Reales Alcazares/Palace of Pedro I	spectacular Mudejar-style palace built by Pedro I in 1364 with later additions by Emperor Charles V
Toledo	Toledo Alcazar	Charles V's fortress-palace
Tordesillas	Convento de Santa Clara	palace of Queen Juana la Loca for over 40 years while in mourning for her husband Philip the Handsome